The triangle of three points (including the subjectively relative hologram and its subjectively relative clock and clock time) will close at the 0-point closure of the two objective reals. ![]() Oncoming to anywhere in SPACE and TIME, the objective real, and therefore its clock, will still be farther out front, to far farther out front, in space and time, than its SPACETIME ( LIGHT-TIME) subjective relative hologram gradually speeding up in SPACETIME (in LIGHT-TIME) in closing upon the objectively real, itself closing upon points of objective reality anywhere at all. Going away from anywhere in SPACE and TIME, the objective real, and therefore its clock, will be farther out front, to ever far farther out front, in space and time from anywhere than its SPACETIME ( LIGHT-TIME) subjective relative hologram. Then you have the classical, SPACETIME, otherwise also known as LIGHT-TIME or simply "histories"! In closed system, the ceiling horizon fastest speed there is! In open system, the floor horizon slowest speed there is! An objective real in space and time will always be out front in space and time of the SPACETIME ( LIGHT-TIME) subjective relative. Ask your own question on Twitter using #AskASpaceman or by following Paul and /PaulMattSutter. Learn more by listening to the "Ask A Spaceman" podcast, available on iTunes and. The end result: The light moves more slowly. ![]() Light goes in, a polariton travels through and light goes out. This view is especially useful, because in many situations, it's very easy to discard all the cumbersome math of conflicting waves or bouncing photons and just deal with a straightforward, simple entity that already encodes all the information you need. In this view, it's not light that's passing through a material, with the material responding to it, but a new object, a polariton, passing through. That speed depends on the properties of the material (the phonons). These polaritons share a lot of properties with their parents, but they have one crucial property: They travel more slowly than the speed of light. Instead, they get replaced by polaritons. And so do the phonons in the material itself. In this view, when light enters a material, it disappears. When photons and phonons get together, they create something new: a polariton. This new language comes in handy when light, which is made of photons, enters that material. It allows physicists to use the language of quantum mechanics to describe the vibrations in a material. To help physicists grapple with the complexities of all the kinds of vibrations that are constantly racing through materials, they proposed an entity known as a phonon.Ī phonon is another kind of fake particle, but like virtual photons, it's very useful. All material is constantly in motion, and that motion affects how that material interacts with everything else. Specifically, all materials can support vibrations - little ones, big ones, ones that last a long time, ones that fade away quickly. But the material is more than a simple collection of charged particles that just do whatever they are electromagnetically ordered to do. So far, we've focused on the properties of light, viewing it through a particle-based lens and a wave-based lens. But all of those interactions come at a cost: It takes time for an electron to absorb and reemit a photon, and those delays add up. That averaging process eliminated all the wayward photons, leaving behind only the ones traveling in the original direction of the light. He developed a technique of averaging out all of the possible paths that those photons can take. So all of these charged particles start emitting copious amounts of virtual particles, and once again, there's a giant, confusing mess. ![]() So we call them "virtual" photons - they exist only in our math to help us account for the electromagnetic force. But these photons don't roam freely they have a job to do. Remember that photons can do two things: They can roam freely through the universe, existing as independent entities (this is light), and they do the legwork of mediating the electromagnetic force (like the force holding a magnet to a fridge). In physics, they're known as virtual photons. But these photons are a little different. Those charged particles can absorb those photons and emit their own, because that's what charged particles do. 10 mind-boggling things you should know about quantum physics The double-slit experiment: Is light a wave or a particle? Why is the speed of light the way it is?
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